Incidence of traumatic dental injury in Valencia, Spain.

BACKGROUND: While traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are an increasingly frequent occurrence in everyday dental practice, little research on TDIs has been published in Spain. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of TDIs in a population in Valencia (Spain) and investigate influential variables. In addition, a protocol for TDI data collection is proposed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study compiled data from patients attending a private dental clinic between January 2003 and December 2014. The data were collected using a specially-elaborated protocol entitled "Emergency care of acute dental trauma". Patients responded to each item, and data was added from case radiographs and photographs. Data were entered in a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet and submitted for analysis by SPSS 15.0 software (Chicago, IL) applying 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.01). RESULTS: 481 TDIs in 251 patients were examined at a private dental practice in Valencia. The population comprised 62.5% men and 37.5% women, aged 1 to 78 years. The highest frequency of tooth injuries occurred in children aged 9 years or younger. The most frequent injury was non-complicated crown fracture (43.2%). Upper central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth. The most frequent place where TDI was produced was in the street (28.7%), tripping over an immobile object being the most common cause (29%). CONCLUSIONS: Thanks to the protocol elaborated for the purposes of this work, it was possible to compile a large quantity of data on TDI, facilitating future prevention and comparison with other regions. The results obtained concur with those published in the literature.

Peripheral Th17 cells expressing ß7 intestinal homing receptor in recent and chronic HIV infections.

The objective of this study was to conduct an analysis of peripheral blood Th17 cells with the ability to home to gut mucosa (CD4+ Th17+ ß7+ ) during recent or chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The relationship between HIV load and systemic inflammation markers was studied. Twenty-five patients with recent (n = 10) or chronic (n = 15) untreated HIV infections; 30 treated HIV-infected patients with undetectable HIV load at the time of inclusion and 30 healthy controls were included. Bacterial translocation markers (16S rDNA), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and interleukin (IL)-6 monocyte activation parameters, CD4/CD8 ratio and T helper type 17 (Th17) subpopulations [CD4+ Th17+ expressing the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) or ß7] were analysed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). 16S rDNA was detected in all patients. Significantly increased serum levels of sCD14 and IL-6 and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio were observed in patients. Similar percentages of CD4+ IL-23R+ and CD4+ Th17+ ß7+ cells were observed in healthy controls and patients at baseline. After 12 months of therapy, patients with a recent HIV infection showed significant increases of CD4+ IL-23R+ and CD4+ Th17+ ß7+ cell percentages and a decrease in IL-6 levels, although 16S rDNA continued to be detectable in all patients. No significant differences were observed in Th17 subpopulations in patients with chronic HIV infection after therapy. Early initiation of ART helps to increase the number of Th17 cells with the ability to home to the intestinal mucosa and to partially restore gut mucosal homeostasis. These results provide a rationale for initiating ART during the acute phase of HIV infection.

[Frequency of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix and risk factors in women in Mexico City]. / Frecuencia de neoplasia intraepitelial del cérvix y factores de riesgo en mujeres de la ciudad de México.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasies (CIN), are very frequent in women with active sexual life who present risk factors. In this paper 220 exfoliative cytology reports from the National Cancer Register of the Direction of Epidemiology, Health Secretory, taken to women from eight Political Delegations in Mexico City, were revised. 134 cases presented CIN. 70.2% were grade III, corresponded to the age group between 26 and 35 years old; more than three pregnancies (47.76%) and more than three births (46.80%). Viral genital infections were related with CIN grades II and III. There are another risk factors that have been poorly analyzed in the national existent literature, therefore, it is necessary to effect further studies to determine the development of CIN in women with active sexual life.

[Physiopathology, clinical aspects and treatment of the diabetic foot]. / Fisiopatología, clínica y tratamiento del pie diabético.

Author does a revision, bring up-to-date, and special mention of physiopathology, clinics and treatment of "diabetic foot". The three basic types: microangiopathy, neurological and infectious; symptomatology and medical or surgical treatment, are exposed, pointing at the possibility of preserving treatment in these patients.